Julia Lorraine Hill, born on February 18, 1974, is best known as Julia Butterfly Hill. She is an American environmental activist and tax advocate. From December 10, 1997, to December 18, 1999, she lived in a tent near the top of a 200-foot (61 m)-tall, approximately 1,000-year-old California redwood tree.
Tree spiking is when a metal rod, nail, or other material is hammered into a tree trunk. This can happen near the base of the tree, where a logger might cut, or higher up, where it could interfere with the sawmill when processing the wood. When the spike touches the saw blade, it can damage the blade, which may cause injuries to workers nearby.
The Monkey Wrench Gang is a book written by American author Edward Abbey, who lived from 1927 to 1989. It was published in 1975. This novel is Abbey’s most well-known work of fiction.
Eco-terrorism is an act of violence that supports environmental causes and targets people or property. It is a type of extreme environmental activism that developed from the same ideas that led to movements such as deep ecology, ecofeminism, social ecology, and bioregionalism. Studies using large sets of data show that very few people have been killed because of eco-terrorism.
The environmental movement, also known as the ecology movement, is a group of people working together to protect nature from harmful actions that hurt the environment. This movement believes humans are part of, not enemies of, ecosystems and focuses on protecting the environment, health, and human rights. The movement is global and includes many types of organizations, such as businesses, local groups, and groups in different countries.
Pre-Columbian agriculture in the Amazon basin describes the farming methods used by indigenous groups in the Amazon rainforest before Europeans arrived. This is different from the belief that the rainforest was completely untouched by humans. Early Spanish and Portuguese explorers reported seeing large cities and well-developed farming areas.
The Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN) is a group of indigenous and local environmental justice advocates, mainly in the United States. Members have spoken about Native American concerns at international events, including the United Nations Climate Change conferences in Copenhagen (2009) and Paris (2016). IEN holds an annual meeting each year to discuss goals and projects for the future; the meeting is hosted in a different indigenous nation every year.
Environmental racism, ecological racism, or ecological apartheid refers to the unequal treatment that leads to harmful environmental effects, such as landfills, incinerators, and hazardous waste disposal, which often affect communities of color more than others. This issue is also linked to extractivism, a practice that places the environmental costs of mining, oil drilling, and large-scale farming on Indigenous people and poorer nations where many people of color live. Environmental racism describes how marginalized communities, especially those of color, face higher risks from pollution, environmental damage, and unsafe conditions.
Environmental justice is a movement that works to fix unfair situations where poor or unfairly treated groups face harm from dangerous waste, mining, or other land uses that do not help them. Studies show that harm from the environment is not shared fairly. Many groups, such as Black or racially targeted communities and LGBTQ people, are more likely to suffer from natural disasters.
Climate migration is a type of movement caused by the effects of sudden or slow climate-related events, such as heavy rainfall, long-term droughts, desert expansion, harm to the environment, rising sea levels, or strong storms. Slow changes in the environment usually affect more people than sudden disasters. Most climate migrants move within their own countries, while a smaller number leave their countries entirely.