Slow violence is a type of harm that happens slowly over time and may not be easily seen. Unlike sudden or dramatic violence, slow violence develops gradually and changes over many years. It can lead to problems like harm to the environment, long-term pollution, and climate change.
This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India is a book written by Madhav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha. It explores how natural resources have been used carefully or wastefully throughout history and the results of these choices. The book explains India’s ecological history, starting with the first humans, then moving through periods when people hunted and gathered food, farmed, ruled by empires, and lived under the British Raj.
Donald Worster, who was born in 1941, is an American environmental historian. Before retiring, he was the Hall Distinguished Professor of American History at the University of Kansas. He helped start the field of environmental history and is a key person in it.
Richard Hugh Grove was born on July 21, 1955, and passed away on June 25, 2020. He was a British historian and environmental activist who helped create the academic field of environmental history. His award-winning book, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism 1600–1860 (1995), is widely recognized as an important early work that explored how colonial expansion affected the environment.
The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 is a 1972 book written by Alfred W. Crosby. In this book, Crosby introduced the term “Columbian Exchange” and helped start the study of environmental history.
Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 is a book written by Alfred W. Crosby, an environmental historian, in 1986. The book expands on Crosby’s earlier work, The Columbian Exchange, which explored how plants, animals, and other living things were moved around the world during European colonization.
William Cronon was born on September 11, 1954. He is an American environmental historian and holds the title of Frederick Jackson Turner and Vilas Research Professor of History, Geography, and Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In 2012, he served as president of the American Historical Association (AHA).
The Guadalupe fur seal (Arctocephalus townsendi) is one of eight species in the fur seal genus Arctocephalus. These seals are the northernmost members of this group. Sealers reduced their population to only a few dozen by the late 19th century.
The South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) breeds along the coasts of Peru, Chile, the Falkland Islands, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. These seals are listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. Their total population is estimated to be between 300,000 and 450,000.
The New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri), also called Hooker’s sea lion, is known as pakake (for both males and females), whakahao (male), and kake (female) in Māori. This species is found only in New Zealand and mainly breeds on the subantarctic Auckland and Campbell islands. In recent years, the sea lions have slowly increased their numbers and returned to areas along the coasts of New Zealand’s South and Stewart islands.